AUSTRALIAN GARLIC

Q: How do I get that rich, pungent garlic flavour?

The first boxes of Australian Garlic are appearing at the Sydney Markets and though the season wont be in full swing for another 3-4 weeks, it is a welcome sight for chefs and foodies.

Garlic was introduced to Australia by early European migrants and in the 70s and 80s the local industry was growing steadily. This changed in the 1990s when cheap Chinese garlic begin to flood the Australian market and despite its smaller size and significantly lower quality, it hamstringed local farmers who couldn’t compete on price. Nowadays, local product accounts for only 10-20% of the garlic consumed in Australia, a very small piece of a big garlicky pie, with Australians putting away approximately 3,500 tonnes of fresh garlic each year.

Recently there has been a renewed interest in sourcing locally grown garlic due to its freshness and fuller flavour. To allow for import, garlic produced overseas is treated with various chemical pesticides and growth retardants. Between these treatments and the time it takes to reach our shores, imported garlic tends to have a less intense flavour and spongy texture.

The Australian garlic season runs from October to May with the main growing regions being SA, VIC ,NSW with some early crops from QLD.

There are a number of white, pink and purple garlic varieties available which can be grouped into either the hard or soft necked categories. Soft necked varieties are stalkless with large bulbs. The most common varieties, their flavour ranges from very mild to very hot and lack the subtle but more complex flavors of the hardneck varieties. Hard-necked varieties have a hard stalk, are smaller than soft-necked varieties and have fewer but larger cloves that are easier to peel.

There is a lot of confusion in the market over the names of garlic varieties being produced in Australia, but here are some of the more widely recognizable varieties.

Printanor:

Image: lardertales.wordpress.com

When: Mid Season

What: Soft neck originally from France, this is now one of the most popular varieties in Australia and NZ. Medium to large, it is white with 15-20 cloves per bulb. Stores well and has a rich flavour

Australian White:

Image: herbnursery.com.au

When: Mid Season

What: Californian type, large white bulb and cloves- selected in SA

California Late:

Image: groworganic.com

When: Late Season

What: Soft neck variety from cooler states- stores well. Dark pink skin with large bulb and lots of small cloves

Italian White:

Image: greenpatchseeds.com.au

When: Mid Season

What: Older soft neck variety that is medium to large and white-cream. It stores well and has 10-20 cloves

Italian Pink:

Image: thompson-morgan.com

When: Early season

What: Medium sized hard-neck variety with thin pink-purple skin. Stores well.

Elephant/Russian Garlic:

Image: worcsterallotment.blogspot.com

When: Mid-Late Season

What: Not a true garlic, this is closer to a leek and has a mild flavour. It has a large solid bulb and can be baked/roasted and included in a dish whole.

Mouliner:

Image: www.clker.com

When:Mid Season

What: Large white bulbs that are quite symmetrical, many predict this will soon be nipping at the heels of Printanor

Glenlarge:

Image: www.clker.com


When: Early Season

What: Hard necked QLD selection with well-formed white bulbs that have a slight purple tinge. 6-12 cloves per bulb.

TRENDS TO WATCH:

Spring Garlic: (Available October)

Image: blog.thecanalhouse.com

Flavour: Mild garlic taste

Use:  Entire plant. Just trim root ends and the tough parts of the green leaves.

Background: Harvested before the bulb is formed. Look for specimens with fresh green tops (no dried ends or soggy leaves).

Green Garlic: (Available November) 

Image: urbanacres.wordpress.com

Flavour: Mild- stronger than green onion but milder than mature garlic

Use: Entire bulb- skin and all. Just trim root ends and the tough parts of the green leaves.

Background: Green garlic is pulled prematurely when the stalk is fully green and the bulb has only a hint of cloves.

Garlic Shoots:

Image: chinesefoodtip.blogspot.com

Flavour: Mild garlic flavour, less pungent.

Use: Edible part is the stem, used in stir fries, soups or as a garnish

Background: Usually imported into Australia. These should be 10-20cm long and have no sign of bulb swelling

A: The key to a rich garlic flavour is freshness. Similarly to wasabi, the flavour and aroma of garlic is caused by the chemical reaction that takes place when its cells are broken down. This flavour is at its most intense shortly after the reaction takes place, therefore it is best not to prepare garlic too far in advance.  

Different methods of cooking also influence the flavour of garlic. To achieve an intense garlic taste, the maximum amount of oil needs to be released; therefore pressing, crushing and mincing are the best means of preparation to get this result. Meanwhile, chopping is good for stir fries and slicing is good for bringing that light garlic flavour to your dish.


HOW DO YOU LIKE THEM APPLES?

Q: How is it possible to have apples readily available for most of the year?

Far from being a ‘forbidden fruit’ there are 2.6 billion apples grown in Australia each year, with the majority being consumed domestically. In recent years the most dominant varieties have been Granny Smith and Pink Lady™, which between them accounted for approximately 55% of total production. However like any food, trends come and go, so here is an overview of the top varieties and what they’re good for.

 Pink Lady™ (Cripps Pink): Crisp, fine sweet flesh.

Best for: Cooking(salads, sauces and pies) due to the high sugar content

Background: Cross between Golden Delicious and Lady Williams. To be sold as Pink Lady it must meet quality standards set out by the Dept of Agriculture and Food, WA.

 

Granny Smith: Crisp tart, tangy flavour that gets sweeter as it matures

Best for: Baking, freezing, salads, sauces and pies.

Background: An Australian native discovered in 1868 by “Granny” Anne Smith of Ryde, NSW. One parent is believed to be the French crab apple. 

 

 Royal Gala: Juicy and aromatic- slightly sweeter than Delicious apples

Best for: Sauces but is also tasty fresh and in salads

Background: Royal Gala and Gala originated in NZ in the 1930s as a cross between Kidd’s Orange Red and Golden Delicious.

 

 Jonathan: Tangy (mixture of sweet and acid)

Best for: Snacking (early season only) and all purpose cooking

Background: Old fashioned eating variety from the US

 

 Golden Delicious: Sweet and rich

Best for: Eating fresh and baking

Background: Originated in 1912 in West Virginia, USA.

 

 Red Delicious: Refreshing mild sweetness

Best for: Salads and desserts

Background: Originated in Iowa, USA in the early 1870’s

 

 Jonagold: Sweet and juicy

Best for: Cooking-  hot or cold dishes.

Background: Originated in New York State in 1968 as a cross between Jonathan and Golden Delicious.

 

Fuji: Crisp and juicy with sweet honey tones

Best for: Eating fresh,  baking and stewing

Background: Fuji originated in Japan where it is a major variety.

 

 Braeburn: Sharp, sweet and juicy

Best for: Desserts and cooking (baking, sauces and salads)

Background: Originated in NZ in the 1950s and is now hugely popular worldwide, thought to be a cross between a Lady Hamilton and Granny Smith.

 

 Sundowner ™ (Cripps Red): Sweet and distinctive

Best for: Eating fresh, also good for baking as it keeps its shape

Background: Cripps Red (sold as Sundowner™) is related to Pink Lady™ and is a cross between Golden Delicious and Lady Williams. Originated in WA.

 

Seasonal Calendar:

 Picking Time      Available in Store

 Source: Aussie Apples

 

A: Controlled atmosphere storage enables apple growers to store their fruit for long periods without deterioration in freshness and flavour. Much the same as cold storage (i.e. regulated temperature and humidity) controlled atmosphere storage slows the ripening process even further by reducing oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide levels in the air. Early forms of this were used by the Romans who used limestone caves (with high Carbon Dioxide levels) in France to the same effect.