MARKET 5: Spanish Cuisine
Q: How did the Spanish navy influence Spanish cuisine?
At this time of year there really is nothing like indulging in the rich, earthy flavours of Spanish food (and a glass or two of sangria) to keep the winter chills at bay. Inspired by the Spanish tradition of preparing simple, seasonal food (and a Euro 2012 win), this week we have produced our ‘Market 5’ guide to the best performing (and buying) produce at the Sydney Markets for bringing an authentic, Spanish twist to your menu.
PIMENTOS: aka Peppers, Capsicums, Chillies
Peppers (or pimentos in Spanish) play a key role in Spanish cuisine. The markets at the moment are full of peppers (both capsicums and chillies) that are crisp, vibrant and full of flavour making them an easy choice for the ‘Market Five’. We have chosen to profile the habanero chilli, however for more information on the varieties of ‘pepper’ available and their unique characteristics, please click here.
1. Habanero Chilli
Availability: all year – best Nov – Mar
Appearance: look like a small bell pepper that has had the air sucked out
Flavour: very hot and spicy, with a hint of citrus. Average between 100,000 and 350,000 on the Scoville scale depending on growing conditions
Best For: a very angry tomato sauce, spicy salsa
TOMATOES:
Originally imported from Mexico, tomatoes were believed to be unfit for consumption however they are now at the heart of many Spanish dishes, including Sofrito, Patatas bravas (crisp spiced potatoes), Pan con Tomate (tomato bread), Gazpacho (cold tomato soup) and Paella. Today we have featured the all purpose truss tomato, however to view a more comprehensive overview of Simon George & Sons varieties click here.
2. Truss tomatoes: (available in gourmet, cherry, baby roma, roma)
Availability: all year, best Dec - Feb
Appearance: rich, red fruit still attached to vine
Flavour: usually ripened on the vine, these have a wonderful rich flavour and are suitable for eating fresh and for cooking
Best for: suitable for eating fresh and cooked
POTATOES:
Potatoes are a key ingredient in a number of famous Spanish dishes, the most obvious being potato tortilla (Tortilla de Patata) and Patatas Bravas mentioned above. Most potato varieties are at their peak this time of year and all are currently performing well at the markets. For tortilla de patata and patatas bravas the potatoes are fried, therefore I would recommend using either an all-rounder or waxy variety, here I have featured Bintje. For a list of varieties under these headings click here.
3. Bintje:
Available: all year, best Nov- Aug
Appearance: small – medium elongated oval, with yellow skin (brown flecks) and cream white flesh
Flavour: our most popular waxy potato it is firm fleshed and creamy
Best for: any dish that requires the potato to be fried. A good cooking potato.
ORANGES:
Spain is the 6th largest producer of oranges in the world and with two orange varieties (Seville/Valencia) named after growing regions in Spain, it is safe to assume that this wonderful citrus contributes to their national food identity. Here I have featured two different orange varieties that sadly boast short seasons at the Sydney Markets but are wonderful while they are here.
4. Blood Oranges:
Available: late Jun – Aug (having just come into season they need a week to be at their best, but will be worth the wait)
Appearance: medium sized fruit boasting orange skin with a red blush and orange-red flesh
Flavour: sweet, juicy and less acidic that regular oranges
Best for: Sangria, they bring a wonderful colour and refreshing zest to this traditional Spanish wine
5. Seville Oranges:
Available: Jul- Aug
Appearance: medium sized fruit with thick, orange skin that is difficult to peel
Flavour: very acidic and therefore very tart
Best for: whilst often used in marmalades, the acid in Seville oranges makes them perfect for serving with particularly oily or fatty dishes. In Southern Spain they are also frequently served with fish dishes, such as salted cod, to bring out the flavours of the fish
A: Many of the dishes we know as being distinctively ‘Spanish’ came about as a result of the bold venturing of the Spanish navy, in particular the discoveries of Christopher Columbus. Of the ingredients listed above, all of which are considered synonymous with traditional Spanish food, none are actually native to Europe. It was the Spanish conquest (and colonisation) of the Americas, made possible by a thriving navy, that brought the wonders of peppers, tomatoes and potatoes into the Spanish diet. This ‘new world’ produce was adopted into the Spanish cuisine over time, resulting in native dishes renowned for their rich combination of Moorish spice and exotic flavours.
FEEL GOOD FACTOR
Q: How do colds and flus impact our ability to enjoy food?
This week’s bulletin was inspired by this week’s SMH article on natural remedies and the validity of using food as medicine. There is no doubt that over the last decade there has been a significant cultural shift towards wellness, so much so that Australians last year spent $1.4 billion dollars on vitamins and dietary supplements. For those of use not keen on lining up our pills every morning or drinking 15 cups of herbal tea a day, this week’s bulletin is dedicated to fresh produce that not only serves up a powerful flavour hit in the kitchen but also offers impressive health benefits.
HABANERO CHILLI:
Flavour hit: very spicy but with a distinctive, almost fruity aroma
Appearance: current stock is hydroponic- look like very small, red lanterns
Availability: all year, best Nov - Mar
Selection: look for taut, even skin with a bright colour
Storage: wrap in paper towel and store in fridge
Preparation: chop into an angry sauce, be careful to protect eyes as it is very strong
Health bonus: helps prevent artherosclerosis (heart disease). For those with a cold, the spicy heat will clear the nose, while the beta carotene (Vit A) in red chillies keeps the skin/mucus membranes healthy. The capsaicin in chillies is also proven to reduce inflammation
GINGER:
Flavour hit: hot, spicy aromatic and pungent with a smooth texture
Appearance: firm, striated root with light-brown skin and light-yellow flesh
Availability: all year, best Mar - Nov
Selection: firm, smooth, plump rhizomes
Storage: unpeeled in a zip lock back in the refrigerator
Preparation: peel then chop, grate or slice into soups, stir fries, curries etc
Health bonus: nature’s wonder drug - anti-nausea (carminative), anti-inflammatory (arthritis), anti-bacterial and anti-microbial (colds/antiseptic), proven anti-cancer properties, stimulates circulation and combats chills/fevers and heart disease
GALANGAL: aka Siamese Ginger
Flavour hit: pungent mustard with slight fruit undertones- popular in South East Asian cuisine
Appearance: similar to ginger but with pink-tan skin and white flesh
Availability: all year
Selection: firm, smooth, plump rhizomes
Storage: do not refrigerate as it will blacken the galangal. wrap in absorbent paper and place in a plastic bag in cool, dry area
Preparation: peel then chop, grate or slice into soups, stir fries, curries etc
Health bonus: similarly to ginger- anti-nausea (carminative), anti-inflammatory (arthritis), anti-bacterial and anti-microbial (colds/antiseptic), stimulates circulation and combats chills/fevers
GARLIC:
Flavour hit: rich & pungent, onion tones though roasting brings our nutty flavours
Appearance: white, purple or pink bulbs with a thin neck, covered in a papery skin
Availability: all year - Australian seasons are Oct - May
Selection: choose dry, firm, plump bulbs
Storage: store in cool, dark well ventilated place
Preparation: as per wasabi/horseradish it is the chemical reaction caused by preparing garlic that gives it its flavour. Crushing results in an intense aroma and taste while slicing will cause a milder reaction and therefore flavour
Health bonus: natural antibiotic, also assists in management of blood pressure & cholesterol
TURMERIC:
Flavour hit: strong peppery taste with hints of ginger & orange - used widely in Indian cuisine
Appearance: appears similar to ginger but distinct deep yellow-orange flesh
Availability: All Year
Selection: firm, smooth, plump rhizome
Storage: store unwashed in the fridge, wrapped in a paper towel in a plastic bag
Preparation: unless you want orange hands handle with care, can be ground, chopped, minced, grated or sliced into dishes
Health bonus: reduces risk of Alzheimers by 50%, anti-inflammatory, gargled with water its anti-bacterial properties ease a sore throat
HORSERADISH:
Flavour hit: spicy mustard hit- bright, pungent and aromatic - used mainly as a condiment
Appearance: white, tapered root covered in light-brown, hairy skin
Availability: Mar - Nov
Selection: avoid shrivelled or dry roots with soft, green spots
Storage: loosely wrapped in plastic in the refrigerator
Preperation: fresh roots aren’t pungent but (similar to wasabi) the process of cutting, grating or grinding causes a chemical reaction and releases oils responsible for the pungent aroma and taste. Once prepared, use quickly or it will lose potency (and if left exposed a bitter taste)
Health bonus: anti-oxidant and detoxification functions-great for colds as it has high vitamin C content is a strong antibiotic, bronchodilator (asthma, bronchitis) and stimulates the immune system
KAFFIR LIME LEAVES:
Flavour hit: intense, acidic, citrus flavour used in Thai, Indonesian and Cambodian cuisine
Appearance: dark green glossy leaves in figure of eight shape
Availability: All Year
Selection: look for a deep, glossy colour on the leaf
Storage: store in zip lock bag in refrigerator
Preparation: remove centre vein, slice finely or tear into stir fries, soups, curries or salads
Health bonus: small amounts of beta-carotene
LEMONGRASS: aka Takrai
Flavour hit: pungent, distinctive lemon hit features heavily in South East Asian cuisine
Appearance: long grass-like stalks
Availability: All Year - peaks in warm weather
Selection: look for plump, firm stalks
Storage: keep in a sealed plastic bag in the refrigerator
Preparation: peel tough outer layers of stem and trim base. If using as an infusion, bruise the stem to release oils before adding. Or finely chop into stir-fries, curries etc
Health bonus: the citral in lemon grass has anti-bacterial properties that help to ward of colds & coughs, it is also moderately high in folate and helps detoxify the body
SAW TOOTH CORIANDER: aka Saw leaf herb, Ngo Gai, Thai Coriander, long leaf coriander
Flavour hit: intense coriander - peppery & pungent, used Vietnamese, Thai & Punjabi cuisine
Appearance: thick, long, serrated green leaves
Availability: Apr - Sept
Selection: choose vibrant green leaves that look fresh and not wilted
Storage: good shelf life, store as per other cut herbs (either refrigerate dry in sealed bag or cut stems and sit in water then refrigerate)
Preparation: tougher than usual coriander it is torn or chopped into soups, stir-fries, curries and salads. Good for drying as it holds flavour & colour better than regular coriander.
Health bonus: often prepared in tea to stimulate appetite & soothes stomach ache
VIETNAMESE MINT: aka laksa leaf
Flavour hit: spicy, citrusy, pepper flavour - common in South East Asian, Vietnamese cuisine
Appearance: long, narrow leaves with red-brown tint at base & green tip
Availability: All Year
Selection: choose vibrant green leaves that look fresh and not wilted
Storage: wrap loosely in paper towel & store in zip-lock back in fridge
Preparation: rinse gently and used raw in salads, summer rolls, shredded into laksa or stews
Health bonus: traditionally used to treat stomach complaints and reduce swelling.
WASABI STEMS:
Flavour hit: intensely hot, peppery, sweet mustard - similar to horseradish
Appearance: short, thick, green knobbly stems
Availability: All Year
Selection: choose fresh, firm stems
Storage: wrap unused stems in a paper towel and store in a sealed bag in the refrigerator
Preparation: similarly to horseradish it is the chemical reaction caused by grating that releases the signature flavour of wasabi. grate to a fine paste allow to rest for 2-3 minutes to achieve full flavour then serve
Health bonus: many believe wasabi is good for clearing the sinuses however the opposite it true. It is the anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of wasabi that are notable
A: Approximately 80-90% of what we taste is thanks to our sense of smell. The taste receptors on the tongue only distinguish between sweet, salty, sour and bitter, it is actually the scent or aroma of the food that allows us to enjoy complex, subtle flavour combinations. Therefore when you suffer from a cold/flu or any condition that interferes with your ability to detect these scent particles, it stops the brain being able to communicate the usual taste information stored for that food.
SOME LIKE IT HOT
Q: Explosive chillies?? How hot are we talking?
South American food has seen a major revival in Sydney over the last few years. The strong South American contingent at this year’s Crave’s World Chef Showcase was a clear indication of the interest in South American flavours among foodies, while a Masterchef appearance by the 2 hatted Porteno team has seen Aussie barbies flaring to life.
The pepper (capsicum) is one of the most important seasoning ingredients in South American food, both the sweet and hot varieties are treasured and used widely. Unfortunately, the meaning of pepper tends to get lost in translation. Many varieties look very similar, and depending on where you are and who you talk to, peppers can be chillies, chillies can be capsicums and capsicums can be sweet peppers?! Clear as mud!
While Australians refer to Bell Pepper/Sweet Pepper as a capsicum, ‘capsicum’ is actually the genus name for the flowering plants that produce sweet peppers and their fiery cousins, chillies. Capsicums fall under the umbrella of the Nightshade family, which also includes tomatoes, eggplants and the pepino. As we are now coming into peak season for Capsicums in Australia, below is a list of the main varieties you’ll see cropping up at the markets.
OH SO SWEET: These capsicums have a zero to low Scoville rating. A recessive gene in bell peppers actually eliminates capsaicin
CAPSICUM
Alias: Bell Pepper, Sweet Pepper
- COLOURS: Green, Red, Orange, Yellow, Red.
- APPEARANCE: Large, block shaped fruit with 4-6 lobes and seeds on the inside
- AVAILABILITY: All year, best between November - June
- FLAVOUR: Sweet
- Green is less sweet and slightly more bitter
- Red fruit can contain up to 2 tablespoons of natural sugar
- BEST FOR: Everything, as long as you aren’t looking for heat
- TASTY FACT: Red capsicums are the most nutritious, having more carotene, lycopene, and vitamins than their younger green siblings.
GOURMET ORANGE/YELLOW:
Alias: Paprika
- COLOURS: Orange and Yellow
- APPEARANCE: Similar to regular bell peppers, however ½ to 2/3rd the size
- AVAILABILITY: All Year, best between October and April
- FLAVOUR: Sweet
- BEST FOR: A sweet, colourful addition to salads, also good for stuffing or roasting
HUNGARIAN CAPSICUM:
- COLOUR: White to cream
- APPEARANCE: Similar in size and shape to Gourmet Capsicum range
- AVAILABILITY: All Year, best between November to March
- BEST FOR: Goulash! Salads, stuffing or roasting
BULLHORN:
- COLOUR: Red, Green, Yellow
- APPEARANCE: Long, curved and tapered to a point
- AVAILABILITY: October to March
- FLAVOUR: Sweet, fruity
- BEST FOR: Stuffing or as a substitute for bell peppers
BABY CAPSICUM- VINE SWEET:
- COLOUR: Yellow to Red
- APPEARANCE: Mini capsicums between 5-7cms
- AVAILABILITY: All Year
- FLAVOUR: Sweet and crunchy
- BEST FOR: Salads, Stir fries, gourmet presentation
IL BELLO ROSSO (BABY RED CAPSICUMS):
- COLOUR: Red
- APPEARANCE: Mini capsicums between 5-7cms
- AVAILABILITY: All Year
- FLAVOUR: Sweet and mild
- BEST FOR: Salads, Stir fries, gourmet presentation
BRING ON THE HEAT: These chillies have capsaicin present in the white pith around the seeds and the seeds themselves, the capsaicin is what brings on the burn.
LONG CHILLIES:
Alias: Cayenne Pepper
- COLOUR: Green to Red, depending on stage of maturity. Green is immature, red is ripe.
- APPEARANCE: Long and slender, tapering to a point.
- AVAILABILITY: All Year, best between September and March as cooler months affect the heat of the chilli
- FLAVOUR: Range from Mild and Sweet to moderately hot
- Green: Hot
- Red: Sweet and spicy
- THE BURN: Hot. Similar to Tabasco. Scoville = 30,000- 60,000
- BEST FOR: Indian, Chinese, Indonesian and Thai Cuisine
JALAPENO:
- COLOUR: Green (sometimes allowed to mature to red)
- APPEARANCE: Medium sized, 5-9cm long, firm
- AVAILABILITY: All Year
- FLAVOUR: Spicy capsicum
- THE BURN: Medium- Hot. Scoville = 10,000
- BEST FOR: Seasoning, spicing up sauces, salsa, soups
HABANERO:
- COLOUR: Unripe habaneros are green but when mature can be orange, red, brown, pink or even white
- APPEARANCE: Habaneros are short and look like a small bell pepper with the air sucked out.
- AVAILABILITY: All year, best in Nov-Mar
- FLAVOUR: Hot and Spicy with a hint of citrus/tropical
- THE BURN: The deep burn, the Habanero is one of the hottest available averaging between 100,000-350,000 on the Scoville scale (some have been known to hit 600,000)
- BEST FOR: An angry sauce!
BIRDS EYE:
Alias: Thai Chilli
- COLOUR: Red when mature, but can also be yellow, purple or black
- APPEARANCE: Small and round, lots of seeds
- AVAILABILITY: All Year
- FLAVOUR: Punchy
- THE BURN: Hot!! Scoville = 50-000 to 100,000
- BEST FOR: Thai, Vietnamese and Cambodian dishes- adding heat to pasta, soups, sauces, salads and dips
BANANA CHILLI
Alias: Hungarian Yellow Wax
- COLOUR: Yellow to orange.
- APPEARANCE: Curved, comes to a point. Thick, waxy flesh
- AVAILABILITY: All Year
- FLAVOUR: Sweet and Hot, similar in heat to a Jalapeno
- THE BURN: Medium-Hot. Scoville = 5,000 – 10,000
- BEST FOR: Stuffing, soups, sauces and salads
BISHOP’S CROWN:
Alias: Christmas Bell
- COLOUR: Immature is pale green, matures to red
- APPEARANCE: Distinct wings on 3 to 4 pods
- AVAILABILITY: In height of season
- FLAVOUR: Fruity and spicy
- THE BURN: Medium- Hot. Scoville = 5,000- 30,000
- BEST FOR: Salsa, stir fries, drying or pickling
A: The hottest chilli recorded to date is the Trinidad Scorpion Butch T Pepper which recorded over 1,400,000 on the Scoville rating. They’re so hot they come with a safety warning! “Exposure to the eye or skin near the eyes when handling this pepper could cause temporary blindness. While preparing the Butch T, one should wear a chemical mask or a body suit to defend against fumes given off in the cooking process.” To give you an idea of how hot that is, the second strongest chilli in the world, the Bhut Jolokia, is being used by the Indian military as an anti-terrorist measure. Used as Chilli Grenades they choke the enemy's respiratory tract, leaving targets barely able to breathe, while their eyes, throat and skin, burn and sting. Now that’s explosive.